Despite substantial advances in clinical understanding and disease definition, sepsis remains the leading cause of death in intensive care units (ICUs) [1]. Furthermore, progress in medical care have not only determined an escalation of sepsis-associated costs, but also a rise in long-term mortality [2]. Considering this epidemiological trend, a “trimodal” pattern has been suggested as the current paradigm of sepsis-related mortality. Whereas the two early peaks (within first weeks) are well-known, a third spike on long-term mortality (from 2-3 month up to 3 years after sepsis) is emerging [3].
