Hypernatremia and hyponatremia, are commonly encountered electrolyte disturbances in clinical practice [1,2]. The pathophysiology underlying these disturbances is complex and clinicians often face diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties [3,4]. Adequate treatment is critical, since these electrolyte disorders are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, yet overly rapid correction can lead to severe brain injury [5]. Treatment is often guided by formulas predicting changes in plasma sodium concentration following hypertonic saline infusion or correction of water deficit.
