Older patients may often be affected by several chronic conditions, including chronic kidney disease (CKD), anemia, sarcopenia and neurological disorders [1–4], that are known to contribute to overall morbidity and mortality. Severity of kidney dysfunction in CKD was previously associated with poor prognosis in several geriatric populations [5, 6], but multiple co-occurring diseases may interact with kidney dysfunction to variably affect prognosis in older patients [7–9]. Current evidence suggests that some interactions between CKD, cognitive dysfunction, physical disability, anemia, and sarcopenia may differently affect outcomes [10–12].
