The term myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) was first coined in 2013 [1] and was globally recognized in an expert position paper as a clinically heterogeneous syndrome in 2016 [2]. The MINOCA concept has re-energized scientific and clinical investigation in the area of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in recent years. Even though studies dating back to the 19th century have shown the first evidence of MI in the absence of occluded coronary artery disease (CAD) [3], increased attention and understanding of MINOCA among cardiologists has only recently evolved as a result of the widespread use of coronary angiography in the clinical context of AMI.
